SIMD stands for Single Instruction, Multiple Data.
SIMD is a method of applying the same instruction to multiple sets of data simultaneously. This greatly increases IPC, since one instruction can affect many things simultaneously, instead of having to send the same instruction multiple times.
Some implimentations of SIMD include MMX, 3DNow!, 3DNow! Professional, SSE, SSE2, SSE3 and Altivec.